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arXivMedical LLMs

Agentic discovery of blood biomarker from distilled private health records

Distilling private health records into a released scoring tool enables agentic discovery of CBC biomarkers that improve diagnostic AUC over literature baselines without exposing patient data.

Seffi Cohen, Liat Antwarg Friedman, Amir Anisman, Ruth Johnson and 6 more

Published Oct 3, 2026 · ▲ 4 on Hugging Face · Code

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78%Highly rated
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arXivMedical LLMs

SCOPE-AD: Sequential cost-aware ordinal-belief planning with energy-based models for diagnostic agents

SCOPE-AD sequentially selects diagnostic tests via ordinal-belief planning and energy-based policies, achieving 77.70% ADNI macro-F1 at $50.46 average cost versus far pricier full-modality evaluation.

Ziwen Yu, Ivan Koychev, Elizabeth Coulthard, Ting Zhou and 6 more

Published Oct 1, 2026 · 0 citations

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strict 1/5
57%Worth a look
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NeurIPS 2026The Chinese University of Hong KBeihangMedical LLMs

Urgency-Aware Autoregressive VLMs for Unanticipated Healthcare Occurrences

Qian Wu, Kai Chen, Zelong Tan, Simin Li and 1 more

Atlanta Poster Session 1, Wed, Dec 9, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall C1 · Published 2026

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67%Highly rated
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NeurIPS 2026TsinghuaTsinghuaMedical LLMs

MIND-DDI: Multi-Omics Interpretable Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction with Joint Optimization of Graph Structure, Neural Architecture, and Symbolic Rules

Linxin Xiao, Xin Wang, Yang Yao, Wenwu Zhu

Sydney Poster Session 3, Wed, Dec 9, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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lenient 2/5
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67%Highly rated
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NeurIPS 2026The Hong Kong University of ScieHong Kong University of Science Medical LLMs

Less Evidence, Better Answering: Gain-Aware Minimal Evidence Subset Selection for Medical QA

Songyue Guo, Zhao CHEN, Caleb C Cao, Lei Chen

Sydney Poster Session 5, Thu, Dec 10, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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NeurIPS 2026The Hong Kong University of ScieTencentThe Hong Kong University of ScieMedical LLMs

Rare Disease Diagnosis Agent with Decoupled Workflows and Knowledge-Driven Self-Evaluation

Yunlu Yan, Yawen Huang, Xian Wu, Lei Zhu

Sydney Poster Session 5, Thu, Dec 10, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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67%Highly rated
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NeurIPS 2026College of William and MaryBaylorSouthwestHefei University of TechnologyFlorida AtlanticMedical LLMs

ColdDDI: Evaluating Knowledge Utilization in Cold-Start Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction

Jiheng Liang, Chen Zhao, Di Wu, Chenyang Bu and 3 more

Atlanta Poster Session 5, Fri, Dec 11, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall C1 · Published 2026

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57%Worth a look
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NeurIPS 2026McGillGeorgia StateOhioMedical LLMs

Severity-Controlled Prediction Sets for Medication Recommendation

Yu Gu, Zijun Yu, Chi-Kuang Yeh, Xinyu Wang and 1 more

Atlanta Poster Session 5, Fri, Dec 11, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall C1 · Published 2026

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NeurIPS 2026ShenzhenCity University of Hong KongMedical LLMs

CoE-Agent: Co-Evolving Patient-Doctor Agents via Interactive Policy Graph Optimization for Clinical Decision Making

Guolin Huang, Wenting Chen, Linlin Shen

Sydney Poster Session 6, Thu, Dec 10, 5:00 PM–8:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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67%Highly rated
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NeurIPS 2026National University of SingaporeZhejiangMedical LLMs

CODA: Cohort- and Drift-aware Foundation Model for Multimodal Clinical Reasoning

Changshuo Liu, Jiaqi Zhu, Wenqiao Zhang, Xiaokui Xiao and 1 more

Sydney Poster Session 4, Wed, Dec 9, 5:00 PM–8:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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lenient 2/5
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57%Worth a look
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NeurIPS 2026ZhejiangSun Yat-sen University Cancer CeMonashHong Kong PolytechnicInfiX.aiMedical LLMs

NPCBench: A Clinical Apprenticeship Benchmark for Guideline-Constrained Care-Pathway Reasoning in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Pengkai Wang, Wei-Wei Zhang, Yan Li, Min Tang and 12 more

Sydney Poster Session 3, Wed, Dec 9, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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lenient 1/5
medium 0/10
strict 0/5
57%Worth a look
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NeurIPS 2026InnopolisMedical LLMs

Source-Causal Control of Historical Context in Longitudinal Radiology Report Generation

Dmitry Lvov, Ilya Pershin

Sydney Poster Session 6, Thu, Dec 10, 5:00 PM–8:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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lenient 1/5
medium 0/10
strict 0/5
67%Highly rated
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NeurIPS 2026NanchangU Science and Technology of ChinLancasterMedical LLMs

Look Before You Leap: Self-Evolving Clinical Reasoning with Psychometric Preference Optimization for Radiology Report Generation

Qi Wang, Yunfeng Min, Liwei Huang, Zeyu Zhang and 2 more

Sydney Poster Session 5, Thu, Dec 10, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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lenient 2/5
medium 0/10
strict 0/5
83%Must read
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NeurIPS 2026Mohamed bin Zayed University of Xi'an Jiaotong-LiverpoolU LiverpoolHuazhong University of Science aThe Chinese University of Hong KMedical LLMs

DoAtlas-1: A Causal Compilation Paradigm for Clinical AI

DoAtlas-1 introduces causal compilation to convert medical evidence into executable causal estimands, achieving 98.5% canonicalization accuracy and 80.5% query executability across 1,445 effect kernels.

Yulong Li, Jianxu Chen, Xiwei Liu, Chuanyue Suo and 7 more

Sydney Poster Session 1, Tue, Dec 8, 10:00 AM–1:00 PM, Hall 1-4 · Published 2026

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AI panel: 13 of 20 reviewers recommend it
lenient 5/5
medium 7/10
strict 1/5
74%Highly rated
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NeurIPS 2026U WashingtonNortheasternOhio State University, ColumbusEmoryDukeMedical LLMs

A Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Cause-of-Death Inference Using Child Health and Mortality Data

This paper introduces a multimodal benchmark for cause-of-death inference in child mortality data, showing zero-shot language models synthesize unstructured medical evidence differently than supervised baselines.

Junhe Yang, Soumyakanti Pan, Hyun Seung Lim, YUE CHU and 17 more

Atlanta Poster Session 6, Fri, Dec 11, 4:30 PM–7:30 PM, Hall C1 · Published 2026

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AI panel: 9 of 20 reviewers recommend it
lenient 5/5
medium 4/10
strict 0/5